Tag
#api-936
8 topics across all disciplines.
Refractory materials — castable, plastic, gunning mix and fibre
What each monolithic refractory family is, why a lining is usually two layers rather than one, the properties that trade against each other when a material is chosen, and why strength and insulation pull in opposite directions.
Refractory anchoring — holding a ceramic lining onto a steel wall
Why a lining needs anchors at all, the V, Y, hexmetal and ceramic arrangements and where each belongs, why anchor tips are coated before the refractory goes on, and why an anchor is the part of the system most likely to decide when the lining fails.
Installing refractory — casting, gunning, ramming and hand packing
The four ways monolithic refractory gets onto a wall, what decides quality in each, why rebound is never reused, why self-levelling castables must not be vibrated, and why plastic refractory may not have water added on site.
Water, mixing and flash set — making the material on site
Why water content decides what a castable lining becomes, the water quality limits and why stainless steel tightens the chloride one, what a dirty mixer does, how flash set happens, and the temperature window installation has to sit inside.
Curing and dryout — the two jobs that destroy linings when rushed
Why curing and dryout are opposite tasks in sequence, why a hydraulic bonded castable is kept wet and a chemical setting one kept dry, what steam spalling is, and why thermocouple placement decides whether a dryout schedule means anything.
Testing refractory — the five quality control tests and what each proves
Density, cold crushing strength, permanent linear change, abrasion loss and workability index — what each measures, why the testing laboratory must be independent of the refractory contractor, and why a gunned specimen is crushed in a different direction from a cast one.
Inspecting an installed refractory lining — and repairing it properly
What an inspector looks for once the material is on the wall, why hammer test criteria come from the specification rather than the standard, and the repair rules that matter most — cut out entirely, never build up over existing material, and get the method approved first.
Why refractory linings fail — reading the damage back to its cause
Steam spalling, thermal shock, laminations, voids, erosion, chemical attack and anchor failure — what each looks like, and which decision made on site during installation produced it.