Control valves — fail position, cavitation and why oversizing ruins control
What a positioner actually does, why the fail-safe position is a process safety decision that must be verified rather than assumed, the difference between cavitation and flashing and what each does to the trim, and why a valve sized for the line rather than the duty controls badly.
Instrumentation & ControlIntermediateIEC 60534ANSI/FCI 70-2+1